Editorial Board

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen Workday

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen Workday

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen Workday

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen Workday

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen Workday

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.

Editors in Chief

Bill Albert Bentley University

Jim Lewis IBM

Editorial Reviewers

Obead Alhadreti Umm Al-Qura University

Carol Barnum UX Firm

Jason Buhle AnswerLab and University of Southern California

Roberto Champney Louisiana State University

Christina Choi Georgia Institute of Technology

Gilbert Cockton Northumbria University

Richard Cordes IBM

Ralph Cullen State Farm

Steven de la Vaux U.S. Bank

Jonathan Ericson Bentley University

Jean Fox US Bureau of Labor Statistics

Erin Friess University of North Texas

Douglas J. Gillan North Carolina State University

Morten Hertzum University of Copenhagen

Tharon Howard Clemson University

William Hudson Syntagm Ltd

Wonil Hwang Soongsil University

Philip Kortum Rice University

Caroline Jarrett Effortmark Ltd.

Mary Lalomia Facebook

Mary Lee NetApp

Beth Loring Loring Human Factors, LLC

Jen McGinn Veracode

Barbara Millet University of Miami

Ginny Redish Independent consultant

Carol Righi 1904labs

Bernard Rummel SAP SE

Jeff Sauro MeasuringU

Bob Schumacher Bold Insight Inc

Carol Smith Uber ATG

Carolyn Snyder Snyder Consulting

Ken Stern IBM (Retired)

Sarah J. Swierenga Michigan State University

Brian Traynor Mount Royal University

Brian Utesch IBM

Brian Wentz Shippensburg University

Han Zhang Amazon

Editorial Assistant

Sarah Harris Juvo Editing and Indexing Services, LLC

Production and Website

Josh Rosenberg DonorsChoose.org

UXPA Director of Publications

Claudia Gutierrez Universidad Católica de Chile

Editors in Chief Emeritus

Avi Parush (Founding Editor) Carleton University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Joe Dumas Oracle

Marilyn Tremaine Rutgers University

Acknowledgements

The Journal of Usability Studies extends a special thank you to Susan Dray, Arnie Lund, Ginny Redish, Jakob Nielsen, and Jeff Rubin, whose guidance helped get JUS off the ground and evolve into what it has become today.